Multimodal regulation of encystation in Giardia duodenalis revealed by deep proteomics

Cyst formation in the parasitic protist Giardia duodenalis is critical to its transmission. Existing proteomic data quantifies only 17% of coding genes transcribed during encystation and does not cover complete process from trophozoite mature cyst. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have quantified changes across compared this with published transcriptomic data. We reproducibly identified 3863 (64.5% proteins) 3382 proteins (56.5% over standard growth (TY), low-bile priming (LB), 16 h into (EC), at cyst maturation (C). This work provides first known expanded observation level triples coverage previous proteomes. One-third (1169 proteome differentially expressed relative trophozoite, including proteasomal machinery, metabolic pathways, secretory proteins. Changes lipid metabolism indicated a shift species dependency encystation. Consistent this, first, putative transporters species, representing steroidogenic acute regulatory protein–related transfer (StARkin), oxysterol binding protein related (ORP/Osh) glycosphingolipid (GLTP) families, follow their differential expression formation. Lastly, undertook correlation analyses transcriptome trophozoites cysts, found evidence post-transcriptional regulation key classes (RNA stage-specific (encystation markers) implicating translation-repression provide most extensive analysis date exploration duration. identifies as highly coordinated, involving major proteostasis, membrane dynamics, indicates potential role for regulation, mediated through RNA-binding Together our valuable resource research development transmission-blocking anti-giardials.